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Mohammed ben Hadou, also Mohammad bin Hadou, Mohammad bin Hadu or Muhammad ben Haddu al'Attar, was a Moroccan ambassador sent to the English court of Charles II by Muley Ismail in 1681-82.〔''Wild enlightenment: the borders of human identity in the eighteenth century'' by Richard Nash p.54- ()〕 According to the contemporary English commentator John Evelyn, he was the son of an English woman.〔(''Islam in Britain, 1558-1685'' Nabil I. Matar p.38 )〕 He arrived in England on 29 December 1681, and left on 23 July 1682.〔''Performing identities on the Restoration stage'' by Cynthia Lowenthal p.215 ()〕 He spent six months in England, in a highly commented visit. His visit was publicized in the ''London Gazette''〔 and he was the subject of occasional poems.〔Nabil Matar, ''Turks, Moors, and Englishmen in the Age of Discovery'', pp38f.〕 He visited Oxford, Cambridge and the Royal Society among many other places.〔 These exchanges started 40 years of a shifting Anglo-Moroccan alliance related to European conflicts, trade issues, Barbary Coast pirates and the exchange of captives.〔 Mohammed returned with a draft Peace and Trade Treaty which was finally not ratified by his king because of outstanding issues regarding the English military presence in Tangiers and English captives in Morocco.〔''Britain and Morocco during the embassy of John Drummond Hay, 1845-1886'' by Khalid Ben Srhir p.15 ()〕 John Evelyn recorded that he was "the fashion of the season",〔 and commented on him that he was "a handsome person, well featured and of a wise look, subtile and extremely civile".〔(''The genius of the English nation'' by Anna Suranyi p.58- )〕 At the theater the ambassador behaved "with extreme modesty and gravity".〔 He struck a magnificent figure riding in Hyde Park.〔 England Socinians wrote letters for Mohammed bin Hadou to remit to Mulay Ismail, in which they praised God for having "preserved your Emperor and his people in the excellent knowledge of that truth touching your belief in a onely sovereign God, who has no distinct () or plurality of persons", and praising "Mahomet" for being "a scourge on those idolizing Christians".〔''Religious toleration: "the variety of rites" from Cyrus to Defoe'' by John Christian Laursen p.134 ()〕 However, they also complained that the Qur'an contained contradictions that must have been a consequence of its editing after Mohammed's death. 〔Matar, Nabil, Europe Through Arab Eyes: 1578-1727. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009, p. 104. 〕 During his stay Mohammed bin Hadou apparently married an English servant.〔(''Racism, misogyny, and the Othello myth'' by Celia R. Daileader p.46 )〕 Forty years of shifting alliances between the two countries would follow Mohammed's embassy.〔 ==See also== * Anglo-Moroccan alliance * Islam and Protestantism 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mohammed ben Hadou」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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